I have searched for something like this already having been reported but I seem to have the opposite problem from what people have reported in the past. In their cases, the scheduled cronjobs to perform backups were not succeeding but manual backups were succeeding; in my case scheduled cronjobs to perform backups DO succeed but manual backups do nothing. I just get the initial screen and no sign of activity and no logs of any kind. The automatic back prior to an update (to Joomla 5.3.4) also does nothing in the same way as a manual backup. (My backup archives are sent to BackBlaze B2 - which is a great service that you suggested. Thank you for that, although the transfer of the backup archive to BackBlaze fails occasionally without explanation, that happens rarely enough that it is tolerable and has nothing to do with this issue. )
I have 3 other sites running on the same VPS and none of them have this issue.
Without a log file to look at, I don't know how to troubleshoot this. I don't know when the problem started as I don't generally do manual backups, I rely upon the scheduled backups. I first noticed it when I tried to update this site to Joomla 5.3.4 and the automatic backup prior to update just did nothing. I then tried a manual backup and that did nothing. I then tried running the backup cron job manually and it succeeded.
I'd be happy to supply additional information, but I'm at a loss to know what information I can supply about the failure when I cannot find any kind of error indication in any log file I've examined.